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| Transgender in sports ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Transgender in sports
The participation of transgender or transsexual individuals in competitive sport has been a controversial issue. People against transgender or transsexual individuals competing in sporting events argue that they are given an unfair advantage. Gender verification testing was established in order to ensure fair competition.
==Controversies==
Those against the trans community competing in gender specific sport say that they are given an unfair advantage over non-transgendered individuals due to their testosterone levels or physique. Testosterone regulates many different functions in the male and female body, including the maintenance of healthy bone and muscle mass. Since males have higher levels of testosterone then they are able to gain more muscle mass compared to most females, which may benefit their athletic abilities. Most exclusion is seen in cases when the individual is a transgender woman because of testosterone. It is also argued that trans women have previous muscular development and that they will have a greater muscle to fat ratio compared to other female-born athletes. However the beginning of a trans women's transition plays a major role on the amount of testosterone levels present in their body. Some trans women begin intense hormone therapy where they take high doses of estrogen, and if the person desires they also have the option of having sex reassignment surgery which would also play a role in the amount of testosterone levels present in the body.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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